Railway-tie.



A. J. BATES.

RAILWAY TIE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 25, 1911.

Patented Oct. 22, 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 14 J3 BATES.

RAILWAY TIE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 25, m1.

Patented 0ct.22,1912.

s SHEBTS SKEET 2 M M Q A. J, BATES.

RAILWAY TIE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.25,1911.

Patented Oct. 22, 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

ALBERT J. BATES, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

RAILWAY-TIE.

Specificationof Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 22, 1912.

Application filed August 25, 1911. Serial No. 645,896.

as distinguished-from those made entirely of wood or metal.

The primary object of the invention is to provide a composition tie of simple and inexpensive construction which has the necessary anddesired degree of flexibility and elasticity and can be readily substituted for the ordinary wood tie.

' One of the serious ditli culties encountered in, establishing and maintaining proper roadheds is to prevent the unequal distribution of pressure on the ties. As the greater portion of wood tie is located between the rails, the pressure per square inch on the tie is consequently less between the rails than outside the rails and the result is that when pressure is applied to the rails the outer ends of the ties are depressed while the center of the tie is held up. Thus the tie becomes center-bound and the etlect ofthis is to cause a railroad train moving over therails to be pulled uphill to the. extent of the weight and power necessary to bend the-ties to their established base. To prevent this bending action requires constant-attention on the part of the section men on the road as it is necessary for them towatch the ties carefully and keep them filled and tamped under the outer ends.

My invention overcomes this difficulty by providing-a tie comprising a pedestal for "each rail arranged to receive and support the rail at'its center. This arrangement. provides for a uniform distribution of the load on the base of the pedestal and con sequently whatever settling, of the pedestal takes place in service is necessarily uniform throughout the area of the pedestal, thereby improving the foundation for the pedestal and wholly avoiding the necessity for filling and tamping now incident to the use of wood and metal ties.

Another important object of the invention is to provide a railway tie comprising pedes= tals spaced apart for supporting the rails and made of a plastic material, such as con.-

-' cretei'eintorced and connected by a trussed metal structure in such a manner thatthe pedestals will resist not only the compression strains but also the tension strains to which they are subjected in'service;

Further objects of the invention are to provide 'a composition tie which will have suflicient elasticity and flexibilityto properly adjust itself under the load carried by the rails and at the same'time distribute the load evenly and uniformlythroughout the pedestals supporting the rails; toreinforce the. pedestals in a simple and etlicient manner to preventt-hem from breaking when under load; and is to reduce the cost of maintenance of a roadbed by providing an efficient substitute for wood which will have a much longer life in service than a wood lie and which will avoid the unequal dis-" tribution of the load which produces center-. bound ties and overcomes other objections to wood ties.

In the accompanying drawings illustrating a preferred embodiment of the invention, Figure l is a plan view of tie showing the rails inplace thereon; Fig. 2: is a side elevation o f'the tie showing the rails in section; Fig. 3 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional View through one of the pedestals of the tie and the rail; Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional vieiv on theline 4-4 of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 the rail-on the-tie 1n a position to increase the track gage, on, a curve for example,

Fig. 6 shows one end of the 'trussed metal structure with the longitudinal truss rods and the transverse rods in position thereon, the latter being in section; Fig. 7 is a trans: verse view on a line indicated by 7-7 Fig. 6, and showing the metal portion of the tie;

Fig. 8'is a perspective view of one of the' wear plates; Fig. 9 1s a perspective. view of.

an anchorplate, and Figs. 10,11 and 12 are perspective views of transverse rods'and a wedge block respectively.

Referring to the drawings in which letters of reference indicate corresponding parts of the several figures, .A, A, designate the two pedestals ot' the tie which are spaced apart to occupy a position centrally disposed below the track railsB. These pedestals are constructed alike and each is preferably made of a plastic composition such.

as concrete reinforced and connected, as hereinafter more specifically set fortlnby the trussed-metal reinforcing structures-C, C, which are preferably embedded in the is adetail sectional view showing pedestals and extend approximately throughout their length. I

Thetrussed metal structure which I prefor to employ'for reinforcing and connecting thepedestals is fully setallowed applications Serial No. April'18, 1910, and Serial No.

55 ,221, filed 583,394, filed I September 23rd, 1910, and comprises a onewith the side members a series. of integral piece triangulated article of ductile met-ah consisting or" two side members 0, 0', and-a zigzag-intermed ate member 0, forming truss elements of. triangular form. I'prefer to employ a pair of these trussed reinforces,

C, Qsubstantially the length of the tie,- and.

arrange them in parallel relation, spaced apart, and embed them inthe concrete.'ped-' estals, the concrete preferably entirely cov- I trussed reinforces, and the longitudinal truss rods are anchored at their ends to two of the ering thatportionof eachieinforce, embedded the-rein.- This-form of reinforce, when combined with the concrete, provides a pedestal of strong and substantial char acter which combines the compression re-' sisting strains of the concrete with the tension-resisting strains of the reinforce in a simple, permanent and serviceable. manner. For the purposeof greater strength I may employ, in addition to the trussed, metal reinforce, transverse rods D and longitudinal truss rods E in each pedestal. verse rods have bent ends-(Z to engage 'the transverse rods D- on the top of the 'trussed reinforces and engage one of the transverse 1 rods D at the bottom of the'trussed reingaged by the longitudinal truss rods arepreferably bentas indicated by the trans-' and longitudinal truss rods form-,a skeletonrailway tie is s ubje'ctedare tension'strains at forces. The transverse'rods which are en versetruss rod D"- in Fig. 7 I 3 The trussed structures, transverse rods box or. cage like frame within which the major part of the concrete pedestal is in'-' closed. The trussed'structures arejpreferably located adjacent the sides of the ped estals and are engaged at or'aboutthe top and the bottom thereof by the transverserods, and the truss rods are-located between the trussed structures and extend approximately throughout the length, of the pedestal in reverse-1y inclined directions from the center of the pedestal. This construction provides.

a hubstantial and compact concrete'pedestal, strongly reinforced so as to prevent the ped estal, from splitting longitudinally and-also to prevent the concrete from crumbling or breaking away from the reinforces without first changing or} destroying these reinforces; that is to s'ay,without'changmg the length of-one-of the members of one or more of the triangles of which each reinforce is composed. The principal strains to WhlCh a the bottom of the tieandcompression strains forth in my The transchanged as desired.

at the top ofthe tie due to the tendency of the tie to bend under the pressure of the load on the rails, and the trussed-metal reinforces embedded side byside in the pedestals and connecting the pedestals serve'not only I to effectively "resist "these tension strains but they also confine and hold the concrete so that it will resistany' tendency to split or break down or-c rumble, and will be mamtalned n a solid compact condition;

' A wear plate F18 ei'nbedded and. 'perm a nently anchored in each pedestal to forni a seat for the rail, and thiswear platexis pro:

vided with'lip'sor projections wl1ich are- 7 stamped "out of the pl'atefto make locking engagement witl -th'econcrete of the ped- 'est'al. j At'the sides of the wear plat-e1 pro-,

ride openings G" for; the holders H and these openings a l'e preferably made by -,stamping and bending lugs g. downwardly in parallet relation to assist in 1 anchoring the plate to pedestal.

The holder Hv is substantially similar to theordinary railway spike except that it isprovided with a hooked end h, to engage the .head 2', on the'an'chor, plate I, which is em-.

bedded i11-the..co11crete pedestal bcneath the wear plate. These holdersare arranged in openings J' on each side of the wear plate and these ope ni 1'1gs. preferably extendcn t'irely through the pedestals for drainage and have inclined side walls 7'. The holders are secured improper positionby woodkeys Q K wlnch are drlven nto the openings'J. alongside of the hold-ers until the upper end of the 'keyI-is.engaged. beneath the bead 71''- forming part ofthe head of'the' holder,

Thus 'the keys are securely held in place bv) the holders.while they in tum secure the holders 111' the r proper position. the flange changing the tie by simply providing keys of unequalsize, as indicated in Fig. 5.. which shows the rail shifted to, one side of the center-of the wear plate'and the pedestal. By varying the sizeof the keys .K, the position of the rail relative to the pedestal may be My'invention provides a substitute for the ordinarywood tie in common use which not only, possesses all of the advantages of a wood'tie but overcomes many of its disadvantages and also greatly increases the life of the tie. As'I- have before stated, one dishf, forming part of the head of the holder J -be1ng eng'jzllged with the flan'geof the rail maximum area. of t-he tie isbetween the rails.

advantage of the use of Wood tiesis, the constant tendency to depress the ends under; the

pressure of the load carried by the rail until they become center-bound, that'is, raised at the center'and depressed at'the ends, and

. section men are'constantly employed in tamping the ends ofthe tiesjt'olift them up .to the roper grade. Thiscenter-bound ae- 7 tion 0 the tie is due tothe fact. that the and consequently the pressure per square inch on the tie is less between the rails than outside of the rails. .My invent-ion over- 1 comes this trouble 'by providing two pedesscribedtforms a solid and substantial oun- 'tals of approximately. thesame size and spaced apart to support the rails oe'ntrally disposed thereon, so that there isas much of the pedestal on one side of the rail-as on the o other, and consequently .there is no oppors" t-unityforthe tie to become center-bound. The concrete pedestal. reinforced with the l trussed .met-al structure, as shown and'dedation for the rail, combining the pressure 7 resisting iquaIit-iesof the, concrete with the .tensionresisting; qualities of the trussed re- ,inforce, and the'load carried: by each .rail

centrally positioned on the pedestal will' be distributed evenly and uniformly overthe entire base of. the pedestal. The pedestals are permanently connected together the truss reinforces "which provide the necessary amount of elasticity and flexibility between the pedestals to permit them to adjust themselves relatively and independently as the conditions of-serviee may require. f "Besides the other advantages of my invention hereinabefore noted itwill be readily l-unders to'od that cross ties-of standard size may be, employed forrails of different sizes v by simply employing wood keys of the right size to Sec'urethe rails in-place. The metal-, y lic parts of-the rn'eansfor' fastening the rail ,to'- the tie are separatedenti-rely from the re- ..inforce metallic part-s embedded in .the"ped- .estals so that he rails will -be properly insulated from eachiother.

.I-do not claim-in this'applicatlon the fast ing features except a y are ulsiedain substantially'jas described.

a'o'combinati'on with the. tiussed metal structures,- for these "featuresare separately, claimed. in my divisonal' application .Serml' No.' 664,544 filed'December 8,191 1.

supporting pedestals made 0 pair ofone-piece tru'ssed meta-l structures of skeleton form made ofductile metal 'em so bedded in said pedestals ad ac ent to the sidesthereof to reinforce. and connect-the same,

' i A railway tie; comprising pair of pedestals made of plastic material separated Y 35 each other to support t-h'e rails, and a" pair of mil -i ajplastic ma'-' .l'fterial and separated from'each other,ja'nd a:'

pair of one-pieceitrussed-itietal structures of skeleton 'form' made off'ducti-le metal emther'eofand extending substantially throughout their length to reinforce and connect the same, substantially-as described.

3. A railwayt-ie comprising a pair of pedand a pair of one-piece trussed metal strucing a connection thcrebetwcen, substantially as described; 7 o

4, A. ra1l\vay' -t1e comprislng-a panof pedapart to support therails-inthe'center of the length of the pedestals, and. -a pair of onepiece trussed -me ta .l structures of skeleton for'm embedded in sa-id pedestals adj acent to the s1des t-l 1'ereof'to reinforce and connect the same substanti'ally described; j

. 512A railwa tie comprising a bipedestalsmade. .0 jplastic material and. spaced apart to support; the rails, askeleton box-like. fra'me iembed'ded in [each pedestal. adjacent to the surface thereoflatld ap'airbf parallel onefpiece' trussedemetal structures of skeleton form'forming partsjoffs'aid frames and remstantia. 1y as described'.

pedestals made o,' f Iastic material and separated fromeach ot er to support the rails, a

skeleto nj'fo rm embedded in said pedestals adjacent to the sides thereof to-reinforce and connect thesame'; and transverse bars engaging the trussed structures and embedfrom each othen'to' upport the-rails; 'a -p'air. of'trussed metal structures embedded insa'id substantially throughout their length. tel-reinforce "and connect the same, andlongitud nal1y extending truss 'rods'eorinect'ed Zwitti said"pedestals ;substantially as described.

parallel trussed metal structures em edded tures ofrs'keletonform embedded in said pcd- I estals adjacent to the sides thereof and fornv estals made of'plastic material and spaced forcin land connectingthepedestals, sub-' 6. A railway. {tie comprisinglaipglir of.

pair of on piece trussedmetal structures of dedin said pedestals,- substantially as de-' pedestals. made of. plastic material separated pedestals. adjacent to the X sides "thereof mid said trusse'd structures 'and' embedded in bedded in said pedestals adj acentxto the sides V estalsmade of plastic material and separated from each 'other-to-support; the rails,

8;; A; railway jtiecomprising-Ya; air -',of lpedestals .made -j-o'; plastic 'jmaterlal' and I spaced apart to support the' rails, .11 air of v spaced apart to'supportv the rails, a pair of through the' tie and having inclined outer In said pedestals adjacent to the sides thereof to reinforce and connect the same, trans- -i verse bars engaging the trussed structures embedded in said pedestals; and -longi- 5 tudina'lly, extending truss rods connected with'sa'id trussedstructures and embedded- I insaidlpedestals; substantially as described. .10, A -railway tie comprising a pair of pedestals .madev of plastic material. and

. parallel. trussed metal'structures embedded said pedestalsadjacent tothe sides thereot 'tojreintor'ce andconnectflthe same, trans-' terse. Ibars engaging the trussed structures embedded in-saidpedestals, and longitudinallyextending truss rods located be --t weenwsaid trussed structures and engaged withjsomehof said transverse bars and embedded saidxpedestals substantially as described. 4 d v -;1 1,.' -A railway tie comprising a pair of pedestals"fn iade of plastic material and sfiac'draparttosupport the fails, a pair of. 1 one piece trussed metal structures of skeleten'ior embedded in said pedestals adj athelsides thereof to reinforce and l connect the same, and bars embedded in each pedestal and engaged with the-trussed structures-'toform therewith. a skeleton box-like fram'e'in each pedestal, substantially as described.

"1213A railway tie comprising a pedestalmade of pl tic-material and having openings eXtending' -enti1'ely therethrough', oppositewalls of each of said openings being inclined, iand a meital wear plate perinas nently anchored in said pedestal between said openings to engage the rail, substantially as describ'ed'. 9 E13.v A: railway tie comprisingwapair 0 5 pededtalsl'nade of plastic material and sepa- 'ated fi'om'each other to support the rails, "a pair ofone-piecetrussed metal structures of skeleton form embedded in said "pedestals and forming aconnection therebetweem and means forrfastening the rails to the pedestals, said fastening means and trussedfmetal structures being separated from each other to; insulate the rails from each other, subs'tantiallyas described, A

' :14; A railway tie comprising arpa r ofpedestals made of plastic material and separatedIfrom-each other to support the rails, 'a'pair of-one-piece trussed metal structures of skeleton form embedded in. said pedestals adjacent to-the sidesthereof and forming 'a'' connection therebetween, each of said pedestals havingop enings to. receive -the ra1ly fastening means and extending entirely.

4 Walls, substantially as described, I 1 I "'15. A railway tie compris ng a pair of pedestals made of plastic :material'and separated from each other to support the ralls, I

nic m'niam: trussed metal tructures of skeleton form embedded in said pedestals adjacent to the sides thereof and forminga' connect-ion therebetween, each of said pedestals having openings to receive "the railpedestals made of plastic material and sepa-" rated from each other to support the rails, a pair of one-piece trussed metal structures of skeleton form embedded in said pedestals adjacent to the sides thereof andtorming a connection therebetwecm each of said pedestals having openings to receive the rail fastening means and provided with inclined wvalls adjacent to the rail, substantially as outer andfiiiner'walls, substantiallyas described.

17. A railway :tie comprising a pair of pedestals made of'plastic material and separated troni each. other to support the rails,

a pair of one-piece trussed metal structures of. skeleton form embedded in said pedestals adjacent to the sides thereof and. forming aconnection thereb'etween, each of said pedes-' -talshaving openings -to receive the ,rail

fastening means 'and cit-tending entirely through the tie, theouter'wall of each openling beihg inclined don-"nwardly and inwardly and the upper pdi tion of the inner wall of each opening being? inclined downwardly 'and' outwardly, substantially-as described. I f

18. A railway t-ie comprising- 'a pair of pedestals made of plastic material and se arated from each other to 'support the 111118,

a pair of one-piece trussed metal structures of skeleton form embedded in saidpedestals adjacent to thesides-theieof and forming a tals having openings to receive the rail fastening means and extending entirely through the tie, the upperporti'on of the section of the tie located between said open-' ings having its. side walls extending out- 'wardly beyond the side walls of the lower portion of said sect-ion, substantially 'asdeof skeletoniorm embedded in said pedestals adjacent to the sides thereof and formin a connection the-rebetween, each of said pe estals having openingsfor the rail fastening means, the lower portion .of thesection of the tie'between'said openings being of less width than the upper-.pqrt ion and said upper portion' having downwardly and outwardly inclined side. wallseprojectl outwardly beyond the -s1deZ}va-l l sapf the lower portion of said -'s ection, substantially as described.

105' connection therebetween, each of said pedes- 20.. A railway tie comprising a pair of pedestals made of plastic material and se arated from each'other to supportthe ralls,

a pair of one-piece trussed metal structures of skeleton form embedded in said pedestals adjacent to the sides thereof and forming a. connection therebetween, each of said pedestals having openings'for the rail fastening means, an anchor plate embedded in the pedestals and projecting into said openings,

, and upwardly-removable holders detachably engaged with the ends of said anchor plate in said openings and with the flange of the rail, substantially as described. 21. A railway tie comprising a pair of pedestals made of plastic material and separated from each other to support the rails, a pairof one-piece trussed metal structures of skeleton form embedded in said pedestals adjacenttothe sides thereof and forming a connection therebetween, each of said pedesscribed.

tals having openings for the rail fastening means, an anchor plate embedded in the pedestals and having ribs located in .said openings, and upwardly removable holders detachably engaged with said ribs and with the flange of the rail, substantially as de-- 22. A railway tie comprising a pair of pedestals made of plasticmaterial and separated fr'omeach, otherto support the rails, a pair. of one-piece trussed metal structures of skeleton form embedded in said pedestals adjacent to the sides thereof and forming a connection therebetween, each of said ped estals having openings for'the rail fastening means, an anchor plate embedded "in the pedestal and-projectinginto said openings, the outer walls of said openings being inclined downwardly and inwardly and the inner walls of said openings being inclined downwardly-and outwardly above the anchor plate, substantially as described.

23; Arailwaytie comprising a" i' of pedestals made of plastic material and separated from each other to support the rails, a pair of one-piece trussed metal structures of skeleton form embedded in said pedestals adjacent to the sides thereof and forming a connection therebetween, eachof said ped-. estals having openings for the rail fastening, means, an anchor plate embedded in the tie 1 and having ribs on its underside and at its outer edges, the section ofthe tie below said I anchor plate being ofless width than the width ot the anchor plate to leave said ribs exposed insaid opening, substantially as de-- scribed.

24:. A railway tie comprising a pair of pedestals made of plastic material and separated itrom each other to support the rails,"

a pair of one-piece trussed metal-structures of skeleton form embedded in said pedestals adjacent to the sides thereof and forming a.

connection therebetween, each" of said pedestalshaving openings with inclined outer walls, an anchor plate embedded in the pedestal and projecting into said openings,- upwardly removable holders detachably engaged with said anchor plate and the flange of the rail, and wedge keys-driven in said in place, substantially as described.

25; A railway tie comprising a pair'of pedestals made of plastic material and se arated from each other to. support the ralls, a pair of one-piece trussed metal structures of skeleton form embedded in said pedestals openings alongside the holders to'hold -them adjacent to the sides thereof and forming a connection therebetween,'each of said pedestals havmgopenings therein, upwardly re movable holders arranged .in said openings vices insa'id openings, upwardly removable 195 estals having openings therein, anchor de-I- holders detachably engaged with the, flange: I

of the rail and having hooked ends engaged driven in' the openings alongside. of, said with said anchor devices, I and wedge keys holders to hold them in said engagement,

substantially as described.

ALBERTJ. BATES..

VVitnesSes: I WM. 0. BELT, M. RoBnnTsoN. 

